soil map units where Fo1 Foa soils is dominant
                
            
        Soil properties
| Property | Value | 
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Ha'apai | 
| Landscape position | Young ash around coastal fringe in centre of Foa and Ha'ano islands. | 
| Soil parent material | - | 
| Slope | Very gently undulating (3-5°) | 
| Surface outcrops | - | 
| Brief soil profile description | 0-30 cm Dark reddish brown friable clay;30-70 cm Dark reddish brown friable to firm clay with clay coatings. | 
| Soil profile texture | - | 
| Minimum effective rooting depth | 90 cm | 
| Soil pH (acidity) | Slightly acid to moderately alkaline | 
| Salinity | - | 
| Soil fertility under natural conditions | Low organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N); medium to low phosphorus (P); high to medium P retention; very high Base saturation (%), exchangeable calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and high sodium (Na) values; low reserve potassium (K) and high reserve magnesium (Mg). | 
| Soil moisture regime | - | 
| Susceptibility to drought | - | 
| Soil drainage | Imperfectly drained | 
| Susceptibility to waterlogging | - | 
| Susceptibility to flooding | - | 
 
                         
                         
                        