soil map units where Vp Vaipoa soils (Vp) is dominant
                
            
        Soil properties
| Property | Value | 
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Niuatoputapu | 
| Landscape position | Varying mix of volcanics and coral sand form on lower terrace on colluvium from top ridge and upper terrace. | 
| Soil parent material | - | 
| Slope | Rolling (12-15°) | 
| Surface outcrops | - | 
| Brief soil profile description | 0-10 cm Black friable sandy clay loam; 10-25 cm Dark yellowish brown very firm clay loam; on 25 cm+ consolidated limestone | 
| Soil profile texture | - | 
| Minimum effective rooting depth | 25 cm (lithic contact) | 
| Soil pH (acidity) | Near neutral to slightly alkaline | 
| Salinity | - | 
| Soil fertility under natural conditions | Organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) values low; total phosphorus (P) and phosphorus (P) very high; sulphur (S) medium; Base saturation (%) and calcium (Ca) very high; potassium (K)high and sodium (Na) medium. | 
| Soil moisture regime | - | 
| Susceptibility to drought | - | 
| Soil drainage | Well drained | 
| Susceptibility to waterlogging | - | 
| Susceptibility to flooding | - | 
 
                         
                         
                        