Soil threats and land use restrictions
- The use of pesticide and fertilizer in agriculture which has increased dramatically since the production of squash for export in 1987
- Soil degradation, particularly declining soil organic matter
- Extreme weather events such as droughts and cyclones
- Sea level rise
- Free range pigs (population > 110,000 pigs in the 2015 Census) are very destructive, destroying food crops, understorey vegetation, and causing much soil erosion.
(Source The State of Tonga's Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture, Tonga Agricultural Sector Plan 2016-2020)
